Bone Diseases—Bone Density

Also called: Bone mass

Strong bones are important for your health. A bone mineral density (BMD) test is the best way to measure your bone health. It compares your bone density, or mass, to that of a healthy person who is the same age and sex as you are. It can show

• Whether you have osteoporosis, a disease that makes your bones weak
• Your risk for breaking bones
• Whether your osteoporosis treatment is working

Low bone mass that is not low enough to be osteoporosis is sometimes called osteopenia. Causes of low bone mass include family history, not developing good bone mass when you are young, and certain conditions or medicines. Not everyone who has low bone mass gets osteoporosis, but they are at higher risk for getting it.

If you have low bone mass, there are things you can do to help slow down bone loss. These include eating foods rich in calcium and vitamin D and doing weight-bearing exercise such as walking, tennis, or dancing. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medicines to prevent osteoporosis.

NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

• Bone mineral density test (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Osteopenia – premature infants (Medical Encyclopedia)
• What causes bone loss? (Medical Encyclopedia)

Your bones help you move, give you shape and support your body. They are living tissues that rebuild constantly throughout your life. During childhood and your teens, your body adds new bone faster than it removes old bone. After about age 20, you can lose bone faster than you make bone. To have strong bones when you are young, and to prevent bone loss when you are older, you need to get enough calcium, vitamin D, and exercise. You should also avoid smoking and drinking too much alcohol.

Bone diseases can make bones easy to break. Different kinds of bone problems include

• Low bone density and osteoporosis, which make your bones weak and more likely to break
• Osteogenesis imperfecta makes your bones brittle
• Paget’s disease of bone makes them weak
• Bones can also develop cancer and infections
• Other bone diseases, which are caused by poor nutrition, genetics, or problems with the rate of bone growth or rebuilding

NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

• ALP – blood test (Medical Encyclopedia)
• ALP isoenzyme test (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Blount disease (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Bone lesion biopsy (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Bone pain or tenderness (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Bone tumor (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Bowlegs (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Fibrous dysplasia (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Osteomalacia (Medical Encyclopedia)
• Osteopenia – premature infants (Medical Encyclopedia)