Also called: Hematoma, Hemorrhage

Bleeding is the loss of blood. It can happen outside or inside the body. You may bleed when you get a cut or other wound. Bleeding can also be due to an injury to internal organs.

Sometimes bleeding can cause other problems. A bruise is bleeding under the skin. Some strokes are caused by bleeding in the brain. Other bleeding, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, coughing up blood, or vaginal bleeding, can be a symptom of a disease.

Normally, when you bleed, your blood forms clots to stop the bleeding. Severe bleeding may require first aid or a trip to the emergency room. If you have a bleeding disorder, your blood does not form clots normally.

The retina is a layer of tissue in the back of your eye that senses light and sends images to your brain. In the center of this nerve tissue is the macula. It provides the sharp, central vision needed for reading, driving and seeing fine detail.

Retinal disorders affect this vital tissue. They can affect your vision, and some can be serious enough to cause blindness. Examples are

  • Macular degeneration – a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision
  • Diabetic eye disease
  • Retinal detachment – a medical emergency, when the retina is pulled away from the back of the eye
  • Retinoblastoma – cancer of the retina. It is most common in young children.
  • Macular pucker – scar tissue on the macula
  • Macular hole – a small break in the macula that usually happens to people over 60
  • Floaters – cobwebs or specks in your field of vision

NIH: National Eye Institute

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