Also called: Penile disorders

Problems with the penis can cause pain and affect a man’s sexual function and fertility. Penis disorders include

  • Erectile dysfunction – inability to get or keep an erection
  • Priapism – a painful erection that does not go away
  • Peyronie’s disease – bending of the penis during an erection due to a hard lump called a plaque
  • Balanitis – inflammation of the skin covering the head of the penis, most often in men and boys who have not been circumcised
  • Penile cancer – a rare form of cancer, highly curable when caught early

Testicles, or testes, make male hormones and sperm. They are two egg-shaped organs inside the scrotum, the loose sac of skin behind the penis. You can get cancer in one or both testicles.

Testicular cancer mainly affects young men between the ages of 20 and 39. It is also more common in men who

  • Have had abnormal testicle development
  • Have had an undescended testicle
  • Have a family history of the cancer

Symptoms include pain, swelling, or lumps in your testicles or groin area. Doctors use a physical exam, lab tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy to diagnose testicular cancer. Most cases can be treated, especially if found early. Treatment options include surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. Regular exams after treatment are important.

Treatments may also cause infertility. If you may want children later on, you should consider sperm banking before treatment.

NIH: National Cancer Institute

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